Which ethical theory claims there are no universal moral principles?

Which ethical theory claims there are no universal moral principles?

• A. Utilitarianism
• B. Deontology
• C. Ethical Relativism
• D. Virtue Ethics

Answer: (C)

Ethical Relativism is the theory that there are no universal moral principles, meaning that moral standards and ethical beliefs can differ significantly across cultures and societies. This perspective suggests that what is right or wrong is not absolute but rather depends on context, including social norms and individual circumstances.

In Ethical Relativism, moral judgments are understood to be valid only within their specific cultural or societal framework, highlighting that different cultures may have different beliefs regarding morality, and none of these beliefs hold universal truth across all societies. This contrasts with other ethical theories. For example, Utilitarianism promotes the idea of maximizing overall happiness as a universal principle, while Deontology emphasizes duty and rules that are meant to be universally applicable. Virtue Ethics focuses on the character of the moral agent and also does not support a relativistic viewpoint. Thus, Ethical Relativism stands out for its assertion that there are no universally accepted moral principles, making it the correct answer in this context.